What is the congenital disorder characterized by the failure of vertebrae to fuse completely?

The congenital disorder characterized by the failure of vertebrae to fuse completely is spina bifida. This condition occurs when the spinal column does not close completely around the spinal cord, leading to varying degrees of disability and complications depending on the severity and location of the defect.

Spina bifida is specifically noted for appearing in different forms, such as spina bifida occulta and spina bifida cystica, with the latter typically resulting in more severe symptoms. The underlying cause of spina bifida is often linked to genetic and environmental factors, particularly the deficiency of folate during pregnancy.

Understanding this condition is essential for kinesiotherapists, as they play a role in the rehabilitation process, focusing on enhancing mobility and function for individuals affected by this disorder. The other options listed, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis, are all related to abnormalities in the curvature of the spine but do not involve the failure of vertebrae to fuse completely.